The code snippets on this page need the following imports if you're outside the pyqgis console:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | from qgis.PyQt.QtGui import (
QColor,
)
from qgis.PyQt.QtCore import Qt, QRectF
from qgis.core import (
QgsVectorLayer,
QgsPoint,
QgsPointXY,
QgsProject,
QgsGeometry,
QgsMapRendererJob,
)
from qgis.gui import (
QgsMapCanvas,
QgsVertexMarker,
QgsMapCanvasItem,
QgsRubberBand,
)
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9. マップキャンバスを使う¶
The Map canvas widget is probably the most important widget within QGIS because it shows the map composed from overlaid map layers and allows interaction with the map and layers. The canvas always shows a part of the map defined by the current canvas extent. The interaction is done through the use of map tools: there are tools for panning, zooming, identifying layers, measuring, vector editing and others. Similar to other graphics programs, there is always one tool active and the user can switch between the available tools.
マップキャンバスは、 qgis.gui
モジュール内の QgsMapCanvas
クラスで実装されています。実装は Qt Graphics View フレームワークに基づいています。このフレームワークは一般的に、カスタムグラフィックスアイテムが配置され、ユーザがそれらを操作することができるサーフェスとビューを提供します。 ここでは、グラフィックスシーン、ビュー、アイテムの概念を理解できるほどQtに精通していることを前提とします。そうでない場合は フレームワークの概要 をお読みください。
Whenever the map has been panned, zoomed in/out (or some other action that triggers
a refresh), the map is rendered again within the current extent. The layers are
rendered to an image (using the QgsMapRendererJob
class) and that image is
displayed on the canvas. The QgsMapCanvas
class also controls refreshing
of the rendered map. Besides this item which acts as a background, there may be more map canvas items.
Typical map canvas items are rubber bands (used for measuring, vector editing
etc.) or vertex markers. The canvas items are usually used to give visual
feedback for map tools, for example, when creating a new polygon, the map tool
creates a rubber band canvas item that shows the current shape of the polygon.
All map canvas items are subclasses of QgsMapCanvasItem
which adds
some more functionality to the basic QGraphicsItem
objects.
要約すると、地図キャンバスアーキテクチャは3つのコンセプトからなります:
map canvas --- 地図の可視化
map canvas items --- additional items that can be displayed on the map canvas
map tools --- for interaction with the map canvas
9.1. 地図キャンバスを埋め込む¶
Map canvas is a widget like any other Qt widget, so using it is as simple as creating and showing it.
canvas = QgsMapCanvas()
canvas.show()
This produces a standalone window with map canvas. It can be also embedded into
an existing widget or window. When using .ui
files and Qt Designer, place a
QWidget
on the form and promote it to a new class: set QgsMapCanvas
as
class name and set qgis.gui
as header file. The pyuic5
utility will
take care of it. This is a very convenient way of embedding the canvas. The
other possibility is to manually write the code to construct map canvas and
other widgets (as children of a main window or dialog) and create a layout.
デフォルトでは、地図キャンバスの背景色は黒でありアンチエイリアスは使用されません。背景を白に設定し、投影をなめらかにするためのアンチエイリアスを有効にするには
canvas.setCanvasColor(Qt.white)
canvas.enableAntiAliasing(True)
(In case you are wondering, Qt
comes from PyQt.QtCore
module and
Qt.white
is one of the predefined QColor
instances.)
それでは、地図レイヤを追加していきましょう。まずレイヤを開いて、現在のプロジェクトに追加します。次に、キャンバスの範囲を設定し、キャンバスのレイヤのリストを設定します。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | vlayer = QgsVectorLayer('testdata/airports.shp', "Airports layer", "ogr")
if not vlayer.isValid():
print("Layer failed to load!")
# add layer to the registry
QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(vlayer)
# set extent to the extent of our layer
canvas.setExtent(vlayer.extent())
# set the map canvas layer set
canvas.setLayers([vlayer])
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これらのコマンドを実行した後、キャンバスには読み込んだレイヤーが表示されているはずです。
9.2. ラバーバンドと頂点マーカー¶
To show some additional data on top of the map in canvas, use map canvas items.
It is possible to create custom canvas item classes (covered below), however
there are two useful canvas item classes for convenience:
QgsRubberBand
for drawing polylines or polygons, and
QgsVertexMarker
for drawing points. They both work with map
coordinates, so the shape is moved/scaled automatically when the canvas is
being panned or zoomed.
To show a polyline:
r = QgsRubberBand(canvas, False) # False = not a polygon
points = [QgsPoint(-100, 45), QgsPoint(10, 60), QgsPoint(120, 45)]
r.setToGeometry(QgsGeometry.fromPolyline(points), None)
ポリゴンを表示するには
r = QgsRubberBand(canvas, True) # True = a polygon
points = [[QgsPointXY(-100, 35), QgsPointXY(10, 50), QgsPointXY(120, 35)]]
r.setToGeometry(QgsGeometry.fromPolygonXY(points), None)
ポリゴンの点が普通のリストではないことに注意してください。実際には、ポリゴンの線状のリングを含有するリングのリストです:最初のリングは外側の境界であり、さらに(オプションの)リングはポリゴンの穴に対応します。
ラバーバンドはいくらかカスタマイズできます、すなわち、その色と線幅を変更することがが可能です
r.setColor(QColor(0, 0, 255))
r.setWidth(3)
The canvas items are bound to the canvas scene. To temporarily hide them (and
show them again), use the hide()
and show()
combo. To completely remove
the item, you have to remove it from the scene of the canvas
canvas.scene().removeItem(r)
(C ++ではアイテムを削除することだけ可能ですが、Pythonでは del r
は参照を削除するだけでありオブジェクトはキャンバスの所有物なのでそのまま残ります)
Rubber band can be also used for drawing points, but the
QgsVertexMarker
class is better suited for this
(QgsRubberBand
would only draw a rectangle around the desired point).
You can use the vertex marker like this:
m = QgsVertexMarker(canvas)
m.setCenter(QgsPointXY(10,40))
This will draw a red cross on position [10,45]. It is possible to customize the icon type, size, color and pen width
m.setColor(QColor(0, 255, 0))
m.setIconSize(5)
m.setIconType(QgsVertexMarker.ICON_BOX) # or ICON_CROSS, ICON_X
m.setPenWidth(3)
For temporary hiding of vertex markers and removing them from canvas, use the same methods as for rubber bands.
9.3. 地図キャンバスで地図ツールを使用する¶
以下の例では、地図キャンバスと、地図のパンニングとズームのための基本的な地図ツールを含むウィンドウを作成します。パンニングは QgsMapToolPan
で行い、ズームイン/ズームアウトは QgsMapToolZoom
インスタンスのペアで行います。アクションはチェック可能に設定されており、後からツールに割り当てられ、アクションのチェック済み/チェック解除状態の自動処理を可能にします -- 地図ツールがアクティブになると、そのアクションは選択されたと印が付き、前の地図ツールのアクションは選択解除されます。地図ツールは setMapTool()
メソッドを使って起動します。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 | from qgis.gui import *
from qgis.PyQt.QtWidgets import QAction, QMainWindow
from qgis.PyQt.QtCore import Qt
class MyWnd(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, layer):
QMainWindow.__init__(self)
self.canvas = QgsMapCanvas()
self.canvas.setCanvasColor(Qt.white)
self.canvas.setExtent(layer.extent())
self.canvas.setLayers([layer])
self.setCentralWidget(self.canvas)
self.actionZoomIn = QAction("Zoom in", self)
self.actionZoomOut = QAction("Zoom out", self)
self.actionPan = QAction("Pan", self)
self.actionZoomIn.setCheckable(True)
self.actionZoomOut.setCheckable(True)
self.actionPan.setCheckable(True)
self.actionZoomIn.triggered.connect(self.zoomIn)
self.actionZoomOut.triggered.connect(self.zoomOut)
self.actionPan.triggered.connect(self.pan)
self.toolbar = self.addToolBar("Canvas actions")
self.toolbar.addAction(self.actionZoomIn)
self.toolbar.addAction(self.actionZoomOut)
self.toolbar.addAction(self.actionPan)
# create the map tools
self.toolPan = QgsMapToolPan(self.canvas)
self.toolPan.setAction(self.actionPan)
self.toolZoomIn = QgsMapToolZoom(self.canvas, False) # false = in
self.toolZoomIn.setAction(self.actionZoomIn)
self.toolZoomOut = QgsMapToolZoom(self.canvas, True) # true = out
self.toolZoomOut.setAction(self.actionZoomOut)
self.pan()
def zoomIn(self):
self.canvas.setMapTool(self.toolZoomIn)
def zoomOut(self):
self.canvas.setMapTool(self.toolZoomOut)
def pan(self):
self.canvas.setMapTool(self.toolPan)
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You can try the above code in the Python console editor. To invoke the canvas window,
add the following lines to instantiate the MyWnd
class. They will render the currently
selected layer on the newly created canvas
w = MyWnd(iface.activeLayer())
w.show()
9.4. カスタム地図ツールを書く¶
You can write your custom tools, to implement a custom behavior to actions performed by users on the canvas.
Map tools should inherit from the QgsMapTool
,
class or any derived class, and selected as active tools in the canvas using
the setMapTool()
method as we have already seen.
キャンバスをクリックしてドラッグすることで矩形範囲を定義できる地図ツールの例を次に示します。矩形が定義されると、境界座標がコンソールに表示されます。前述のラバーバンド要素を使用して、選択されている矩形が定義されていることを示します。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 | class RectangleMapTool(QgsMapToolEmitPoint):
def __init__(self, canvas):
self.canvas = canvas
QgsMapToolEmitPoint.__init__(self, self.canvas)
self.rubberBand = QgsRubberBand(self.canvas, True)
self.rubberBand.setColor(Qt.red)
self.rubberBand.setWidth(1)
self.reset()
def reset(self):
self.startPoint = self.endPoint = None
self.isEmittingPoint = False
self.rubberBand.reset(True)
def canvasPressEvent(self, e):
self.startPoint = self.toMapCoordinates(e.pos())
self.endPoint = self.startPoint
self.isEmittingPoint = True
self.showRect(self.startPoint, self.endPoint)
def canvasReleaseEvent(self, e):
self.isEmittingPoint = False
r = self.rectangle()
if r is not None:
print("Rectangle:", r.xMinimum(),
r.yMinimum(), r.xMaximum(), r.yMaximum()
)
def canvasMoveEvent(self, e):
if not self.isEmittingPoint:
return
self.endPoint = self.toMapCoordinates(e.pos())
self.showRect(self.startPoint, self.endPoint)
def showRect(self, startPoint, endPoint):
self.rubberBand.reset(QGis.Polygon)
if startPoint.x() == endPoint.x() or startPoint.y() == endPoint.y():
return
point1 = QgsPoint(startPoint.x(), startPoint.y())
point2 = QgsPoint(startPoint.x(), endPoint.y())
point3 = QgsPoint(endPoint.x(), endPoint.y())
point4 = QgsPoint(endPoint.x(), startPoint.y())
self.rubberBand.addPoint(point1, False)
self.rubberBand.addPoint(point2, False)
self.rubberBand.addPoint(point3, False)
self.rubberBand.addPoint(point4, True) # true to update canvas
self.rubberBand.show()
def rectangle(self):
if self.startPoint is None or self.endPoint is None:
return None
elif (self.startPoint.x() == self.endPoint.x() or \
self.startPoint.y() == self.endPoint.y()):
return None
return QgsRectangle(self.startPoint, self.endPoint)
def deactivate(self):
QgsMapTool.deactivate(self)
self.deactivated.emit()
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9.5. カスタム地図キャンバスアイテムを書く¶
Here is an example of a custom canvas item that draws a circle:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | class CircleCanvasItem(QgsMapCanvasItem):
def __init__(self, canvas):
super().__init__(canvas)
self.center = QgsPoint(0, 0)
self.size = 100
def setCenter(self, center):
self.center = center
def center(self):
return self.center
def setSize(self, size):
self.size = size
def size(self):
return self.size
def boundingRect(self):
return QRectF(self.center.x() - self.size/2,
self.center.y() - self.size/2,
self.center.x() + self.size/2,
self.center.y() + self.size/2)
def paint(self, painter, option, widget):
path = QPainterPath()
path.moveTo(self.center.x(), self.center.y());
path.arcTo(self.boundingRect(), 0.0, 360.0)
painter.fillPath(path, QColor("red"))
# Using the custom item:
item = CircleCanvasItem(iface.mapCanvas())
item.setCenter(QgsPointXY(200,200))
item.setSize(80)
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