Ferramentas Gerais¶

Identify features¶

Identify features allow to interact with map canvas to get data attribut on a pop-up windows. To identify feature use View ‣ Identify features or Ctrl+Shift+I, or click on the ^{Identify features} icon in the toolbar.

If you click on several feature, this pop-up will list all data attributes of all features. The first item is the number of the item in the list of result followed by layer name. Then its first child will be the name of a field with its value. Finally all informations of the feature is displayed.

This window can be customized to display custom fields but by default it will display three kind of information:

Actions: actions can be added to the identify feature windows. When clicking on the action label, action will be run. By default only one action is added to View feature form for editing.
Derived: those informations are calculated or derived from other information. You can find clicked coordinate, X and Y coordinates, area in map unit and perimeter in map unit for polygon, length in map unit for line and feature id.
Data attributes: this is the list of attribute fields from data.

Figure Identify 1:

Identify feaures dialog (Gnome)

At the bottom of the windows, you have five icons:

^{Expand tree}
^{Collapse tree}
^{Default behaviour}
^{Copy attributes}
^{Print selected HTML response}

More feature can be found in the menu display with a right click of the mouse somewhere in the response tree.

This menu allows to:

View Feature form
Zoom to feature
Copy feature: copy all feature ie geometry and attributes;
Copy attribute value: copy only the value of the attribut you click on;
Copy feature attributes: copy only attributes;
Clear result: result in the window are removed
Clear highlights: features highlight on the map are removed
Highlight all
Highlight layer
Layer properties: open layer properties window
Expand all
Collapse all

Atalhos de teclado¶

QGIS provides default keyboard shortcuts for many features. You find them in Section Barra de Menu. Additionally the menu option Settings ‣ Configure Shortcuts allows to change the default keyboard shortcuts and to add new keyboard shortcuts to QGIS features.

Figure Shortcuts 1:

Define shortcut options (Gnome)

Configuration is very simple. Just select a feature from the list and click on [Change], [Set none] or [Set default]. Once you have found your configuration, you can save it as XML file and load it to another QGIS installation.

Conteúdo da ajuda¶

Quando precisar de ajuda sobre um tópico específico, você pode acessar a contúdo da ajuda através do: guilabel: Botão ‘Ajuda’ disponível na maioria dos diálogos - observe que complementos de terceiros podem apontar para páginas web dedicadas.

Renderização¶

By default, QGIS renders all visible layers whenever the map canvas must be refreshed. The events that trigger a refresh of the map canvas include:

Adicionar uma camada
Pan ou zoom
Resizing the QGIS window
Mudanças na visibilidade de uma camada ou camadas

QGIS allows you to control the rendering process in a number of ways.

Escala dependente da renderização¶

Scale dependent rendering allows you to specify the minimum and maximum scales at which a layer will be visible. To set scale dependency rendering, open the Properties dialog by double-clicking on the layer in the legend. On the General tab, click on the Use scale dependent rendering checkbox to activate the feature then set the minimum and maximum scale values. .

You can determine the scale values by first zooming to the level you want to use and noting the scale value in the QGIS status bar.

Controlando a renderização do mapa¶

A renderização do mapa pode ser controlada por vários caminhos:

Suspending Rendering¶

To suspend rendering, click the Render checkbox in the lower right corner of the statusbar. When the Render checkbox is not checked, QGIS does not redraw the canvas in response to any of the events described in Section Renderização. Examples of when you might want to suspend rendering include:

Adicionar muitas camadas e simbolizá-las antes de desenhar
Adicionar uma ou mais camadas grandes e definir a dependência de escala antes de desenhar
Adicionar uma ou mais camadas e ampliar para uma visualização especifica antes de desenhar
Qualquer combinação dos anteriores

Caixa de seleção :guilabel: caixa de seleção Renderizar permite renderização e causa uma atualização imediata na tela do mapa.

Setting Layer Add Option¶

You can set an option to always load new layers without drawing them. This means the layer will be added to the map, but its visibility checkbox in the legend will be unchecked by default. To set this option, choose menu option Settings ‣ Options ‣ and click on the Rendering menu. Uncheck the By default new layers added to the map should be displayed checkbox. Any layer added to the map will be off (invisible) by default.

Another option in Settings ‣ Options ‣ Rendering menu is the Enable back buffer checkbox. It provides better graphics performance at the cost of loosing the possibility to cancel rendering and incremental feature drawing. If it is unchecked, you can set the ‘Number of features to draw before updating the display’, otherwise it is inactive.

Finally you can activate the Use render caching where possible to speed up redraws checkbox.

Parar rendirização¶

To stop the map drawing, press the ESC key. This will halt the refresh of the map canvas and leave the map partially drawn. It may take a bit of time between pressing ESC and the time the map drawing is halted.

Nota

No momento não é possível parar de renderização - ela foi desativada na porta qt4 por causa de problemas e falhas na interface do usuário (UI).

Updating the Map Display During Rendering¶

You can set an option to update the map display as features are drawn. By default, QGIS does not display any features for a layer until the entire layer has been rendered. To update the display as features are read from the datastore, choose menu option Settings ‣ Options click on the Rendering menu. Set the feature count to an appropriate value to update the display during rendering. Setting a value of 0 disables update during drawing (this is the default). Setting a value too low will result in poor performance as the map canvas is continually updated during the reading of the features. A suggested value to start with is 500.

Influence Rendering Quality¶

To influence the rendering quality of the map you have 2 options. Choose menu option Settings ‣ Options click on the Rendering menu and select or deselect following checkboxes.

Fazer linhas aparecem com menos definição para não peder performance ao renderizar
Ajustar problemas com polígonos preenchidos incorretamente

Medição¶

Medindo obras nos sistemas de coordenadas projetadas (por exemplo, UTM) e dados não projetados. Se o mapa carregado é definido com um sistema de coordenadas geográficas (latitude / longitude), os resultados da linha ou a medição da área será incorreta. Para corrigir isso, você precisa definir um sistema de coordenadas adequado ao mapa (ver secção: ref: label_projections). Todos os módulos de medição também usam as configurações de encaixe do módulo de digitalização. Isso é útil se você quiser medir ao longo de linhas ou áreas em camadas vetoriais.

Para selecionar uma ferramenta clique medida em e selecione a ferramenta que deseja usar.

Medição de linha, áreas ou ângulos¶

^{Measure Line}: QGIS is able to measure real distances between given points according to a defined ellipsoid. To configure this, choose menu option Settings ‣ Options, click on the Map tools tab and choose the appropriate ellipsoid. There you can also define a rubberband color and your preferred measurement units (meters or feet) and angle units (degrees, radians and gon). The tools then allows you to click points on the map. Each segment-length as well as the total shows up in the measure-window. To stop measuring click your right mouse button.

Figure Measure 1:

Measure Distance (Gnome)

^{Measure Area}: Areas can also be measured. In the measure window the accumulated area size appears. In addition, the measuring tool will snap to the currently selected layer, provided that layer has its snapping tolerance set. (See Section Definir o valor de tolerância de proximidade para buscar apartir do raio). So if you want to measure exactly along a line feature, or around a polygon feature, first set its snapping tolerance, then select the layer. Now, when using the measuring tools, each mouse click (within the tolerance setting) will snap to that layer.

Figure Measure 2:

Measure Area (Gnome)

^{Measure Angle}: You can also measure angles. The cursor becomes cross-shaped. Click to draw the first segment of the angle you wish to measure, then move the the cursor to draw the desired angle. The measure is displayed in a popup dialog.

Figure Measure 3:

Measure Angle (Gnome)

Selecionar e desselecionar feições¶

The QGIS toolbar provides several tools to select features in the map canvas. To select one or several features just click on and select your tool:

^{Select Single Feature}
^{Select Features by Rectangle}
^{Select Features by Polygon}
^{Select Features by Freehand}
^{Select Features by Radius}

To deselect all selected features click on ^{Deselect
features from all layers}.

Decorações¶

The Decorations of QGIS includes the Grid, Copyright Label, the North Arrow and the Scale Bar. They are used to ‘decorate’ the map by adding cartographic elements.

Grid¶

^Grid allows to add a coordinate grid and coordinate annotations to the map canvas.

Figure Decorations 1:

The Grid Dialog

Select from menu View ‣ Decorations ‣ Grid. The dialog starts (see figure_decorations_1).
Activate the Enable grid checkbox and set grid definitions according to the layers loaded in the map canvas.
Activate the Draw annotations checkbox and set annotation definitions according to the layers loaded in the map canvas.
Click [Apply] to check, if it looks as expected.
Click [OK] to close the dialog.

Rótulo Copyright¶

^{Copyright label} adds a Copyright label using the text you prefer to the map.

Figure Decorations 2:

The copyright Dialog

Select from menu View ‣ Decorations ‣ Copyright Label. The dialog starts (see figure_decorations_2).
Digite o texto que você deseja colocar no mapa. Pode usar HTML como mostrado no exemplo
Escolha a posição da etiqueta da: guilabel: Colocação ‘direito inferior’ caixa suspensa
Verifique se a : guilabel: caixa de seleção `Ativar Etiqueta Copyright`está marcada
Clique [OK]

In the example above (default) QGIS places a copyright symbol followed by the date in the lower right hand corner of the map canvas.

Seta Norte¶

^{North Arrow} places a simple north arrow on the map canvas. At present there is only one style available. You can adjust the angle of the arrow or let QGIS set the direction automatically. If you choose to let QGIS determine the direction, it makes its best guess as to how the arrow should be oriented. For placement of the arrow you have four options, corresponding to the four corners of the map canvas.

Figure Decorations 3:

The North Arrow Dialog

Barra de Escala¶

^{Scale Bar} adds a simple scale bar to the map canvas. You control the style and placement, as well as the labeling of the bar.

Figure Decorations 4:

The Scale Bar Dialog

QGIS only supports displaying the scale in the same units as your map frame. So if the units of your layers are in meters, you can’t create a scale bar in feet. Likewise if you are using decimal degrees, you can’t create a scale bar to display distance in meters.

Para adicionar uma barra de escala:

Select from menu View ‣ Decorations ‣ Scale Bar The dialog starts (see figure_decorations_4)
Escolha a posição do: guilabel: Posição lista suspensa ‘Inferior Esquerda’
Escolha o estilo através do: guilabel:estilo de barra de escala lista ‘Marque abaixo’
Selecione a cor para a barra: guilabel:Cor da barra‘preta’ ou use a cor preta padrão
Defina o tamanho da barra e seu rótulo: guilabel: Tamanho da bar‘30 graus’
Verifique se a : guilabel: caixa de seleção ‘Ativar barra de escala` está marcada
Opcionalmente escolha para ajustar automaticamente a um número redondo quando a tela é redimensionada : guilabel: se encaixam automaticamente para arredondar o número em redimensionar
Clique [OK]

Dica

Settings of Decorations

When you save a .qgs project, any changes you have made to Grid, NorthArrow, ScaleBar and Copyright will be saved in the project and restored the next time you load the project.

Ferramentas de anotação¶

The ^{Text Annotation} tools in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place formatted text in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Use the Text Annotation tool and click into the map canvas.

Figure annotation 1:

Annotation text dialog

Double click on the item opens a dialog with various options. There is the text editor to enter the formatted text and other item settings. E.g. there is the choice of having the item placed on a map position (displayed by a marker symbol) or to have the item on a screen position (not related to the map). The item can be moved by map position (drag the map marker) or by moving only the balloon. The icons are part of GIS theme, and are used by default in the other themes too.

The ^{Move Annotation} tool allows to move the annotation on the map canvas.

Html annotations¶

The ^{Html Annotation} tools in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place the content of a html file in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Use the Html Annotation tool, click into the map canvas and add the path to the html file into the dialog.

SVG annotations¶

The ^{SVG Annotation} tools in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place a SVG Symbol in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Use the SVG Annotation tool, click into the map canvas and add the path to the SVG file into the dialog.

Anotação de formulário¶

Additionally you can also create your own annotation forms. The ^{Form Annotation} tool is useful to display attributes of a vector layer in a customized qt designer form (see figure_custom_annotation). It is similar to the designer forms for the Identify features tool, but displayed in an annotation item. Also see QGIS blog http://blog.qgis.org/node/143 for more information.

Figure annotation 2:

Customized qt designer annotation form

Nota

If you press Ctrl+T while an Annotation tool is active (move annotation, text annotation, form annotation), the visibility states of the items are inverted.

Favoritos Espaciais¶

Favoritos espaciais permite que você “marque” uma localização geográfica e volte a ela mais tarde.

Novo Favorito¶

Para criar um novo favorito:

Zoom ou pan na área de interesse.
Select the menu option View ‣ New Bookmark or press Ctrl-B.
Adicione um nome descritivo para o favorito (no máximo 255 caracteres).
Press Enter to add the bookmark or [Delete] to remove the bookmark.

Note que você pode ter vários favoritos com o mesmo nome.

Trabalhando com favoritos¶

To use or manage bookmarks, select the menu option View ‣ Show Bookmarks. The Geospatial Bookmarks dialog allows you to zoom to or delete a bookmark. You can not edit the bookmark name or coordinates.

Aproximar para um favorito¶

From the Geospatial Bookmarks dialog, select the desired bookmark by clicking on it, then click [Zoom To]. You can also zoom to a bookmark by double-clicking on it.

Deletando um favorito¶

Para excluir um favorito da: guilabel: diálogo Favoritos Geoespaciais, clique sobre ele e depois em [Excluir]. Confirme sua escolha clicando [OK] ou cancelar a exclusão clicando [Cancelar].

Projetos animados¶

If you want to embed content from other project files into your project you can choose Layer ‣ Embed Layers and Groups.

Incorporando camadas¶

A seguinte aba permite incorporar camadas de outros projetos:

Pressione para olhar para outro projeto do conjunto de dados Alasca.
Selecione o arquivo de projeto grassland. Você pode ver o conteúdo do projeto (ver figure_embed_dialog).
Press Ctrl and klick on the layers grassland and regions. The layers are embedded in the map legend and the map view now.

Figure Nesting 1:

Select layers and groups to embed

Enquanto as camadas incorporadas estão editáveis que você não pode alterar suas propriedades como estilo e rotulagem.

Removing embedded layers

Right-click on the embedded layer and choose ^Remove.

Add Delimited Text Layer¶

This function allows you to load a delimited text file as a layer in QGIS. Following settings need to be defined:

The File format usually is CSV (comma separated values). If another delimiter is used, activate the custom delimiter radiobutton and if each line in the file is split using a regular expression, please activate the Regular expression delimiter radiobutton.
As Record options a text file usually provides a delimited header row of field names. This is usually the first line in the text file. If there is no header row available, deactivate the first records have field names checkbox. And if the header row isn’t the first line of the text file, define the number of header lines to discard.
As Field options you can trim leading and trailing spaces from fields activating the Trim fields checkbox. You can Discard empty fields in each record and you can define that the Decimal separator is comma. Otherwise it will be point.
As Geometry definitions a typical text file provides Point coordinates. This means there must be an ‘X’ and ‘Y’ field with coordinate values. If the text file provides a Well Known Text field, there must be a ‘WKT’ field with geometry information for point, line or polygon objects. These fields can have any name. Otherwise for attribute tables define no geometry. The x and y coordinates must be specified as a number. The coordinate system is not important. If they are defined in degree/minutes/seconds, activate the DMS coordinates checkbox.
As Layer settings you can activate Use spatial index to improve performance of displaying and spatially selecting features. You can define to Use Subset index and to Watch file to watch for changes to the file by other applications, while QGIS is running.

As an example of a valid text file we import the elevation point data file elevp.csv coming with the QGIS sample dataset (See Section Sample Data):

X;Y;ELEV
-300120;7689960;13
-654360;7562040;52
1640;7512840;3
[...]

Some items of note about the text file are:

The example text file uses ; (semicolon) as delimiter. Any character can be used to delimit the fields.
The first row is the header row. It contains the fields X, Y and ELEV.
No quotes (") are used to delimit text fields.
The x coordinates are contained in the X field.
The y coordinates are contained in the Y field.

Using the function¶

Click the toolbar icon ^{Add Delimited Text Layer} in the Manage layers toolbar to open the Create a Layer from a Delimited Text File dialog as shown in figure_delimited_text_1.

Figure Delimited Text 1:

Delimited Text Dialog

First select the file (e.g., qgis_sample_data/csv/elevp.csv) to import by clicking on the [Browse] button. Once the file is selected, QGIS attempts to parse the file using the last used delimiter, in this case a semicolon (;). To properly parse the file, it is important to select the correct delimiter. To change the delimiter to tab use \t (this is a regular expression for the tab character).

Once the file is parsed, make a Geometry definition radiobuttonon Point coordinates and choose the X and Y fields from the dropdown lists. Finally enter a Layer name (e.g., elevp) as shown in figure_delimited_text_1 . To add the layer to the map, click [OK]. The delimited text file now behaves as any other map layer in QGIS.

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Tabela de Conteúdo

Ferramentas Gerais¶

Identify features¶

Atalhos de teclado¶

Conteúdo da ajuda¶

Renderização¶

Escala dependente da renderização¶

Controlando a renderização do mapa¶

Suspending Rendering¶

Setting Layer Add Option¶

Parar rendirização¶

Updating the Map Display During Rendering¶

Influence Rendering Quality¶

Medição¶

Medição de linha, áreas ou ângulos¶

Selecionar e desselecionar feições¶

Decorações¶

Grid¶

Rótulo Copyright¶

Seta Norte¶

Barra de Escala¶

Ferramentas de anotação¶

Html annotations¶

SVG annotations¶

Anotação de formulário¶

Favoritos Espaciais¶

Novo Favorito¶

Trabalhando com favoritos¶

Aproximar para um favorito¶

Deletando um favorito¶

Projetos animados¶

Incorporando camadas¶

Add Delimited Text Layer¶

Using the function¶

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