Чтение и сохранение настроек¶

Часто бывает полезным сохранить некоторые параметры расширения, чтобы пользователю не приходилось заново вводить или выбирать их при каждом запуске расширения.

Эти параметры можно сохранять и получать при помощи Qt и QGIS API. Для каждого параметра необходимо выбрать ключ, который будет использоваться для доступа к переменной — так, для предпочитаемого цвета можно использовать ключ “favorite_color” или любую другую подходящую по смыслу строку. Рекомендуется придерживаться некоторой системы в именовании ключей.

Необходимо различать следующие типы настроек:

• global settings — they are bound to the user at particular machine. QGIS itself stores a lot of global settings, for example, main window size or default snapping tolerance. This functionality is provided directly by Qt framework by the means of QSettings class. By default, this class stores settings in system’s “native” way of storing settings, that is — registry (on Windows), .plist file (on Mac OS X) or .ini file (on Unix). The QSettings documentation is comprehensive, so we will provide just a simple example:

  def store():
    s = QSettings()
    s.setValue("myplugin/mytext", "hello world")
    s.setValue("myplugin/myint",  10)
    s.setValue("myplugin/myreal", 3.14)
  
  def read():
    s = QSettings()
    mytext = s.value("myplugin/mytext", "default text")
    myint  = s.value("myplugin/myint", 123)
    myreal = s.value("myplugin/myreal", 2.71)
  

The second parameter of the value() method is optional and specifies the default value if there is no previous value set for the passed setting name.

• project settings — vary between different projects and therefore they are connected with a project file. Map canvas background color or destination coordinate reference system (CRS) are examples — white background and WGS84 might be suitable for one project, while yellow background and UTM projection are better for another one. An example of usage follows:

  proj = QgsProject.instance()
  
  # store values
  proj.writeEntry("myplugin", "mytext", "hello world")
  proj.writeEntry("myplugin", "myint", 10)
  proj.writeEntry("myplugin", "mydouble", 0.01)
  proj.writeEntry("myplugin", "mybool", True)
  
  # read values
  mytext = proj.readEntry("myplugin", "mytext", "default text")[0]
  myint = proj.readNumEntry("myplugin", "myint", 123)[0]
  

As you can see, the writeEntry() method is used for all data types, but several methods exist for reading the setting value back, and the corresponding one has to be selected for each data type.

• map layer settings — these settings are related to a particular instance of a map layer with a project. They are not connected with underlying data source of a layer, so if you create two map layer instances of one shapefile, they will not share the settings. The settings are stored in project file, so if the user opens the project again, the layer-related settings will be there again. This functionality has been added in QGIS v1.4. The API is similar to QSettings — it takes and returns QVariant instances:

  # save a value
  layer.setCustomProperty("mytext", "hello world")
  
  # read the value again
  mytext = layer.customProperty("mytext", "default text")